Very Long Term Causes

1. German and Belgium Rule (fabricated the division between Hutu and Tusti, and advocated Tusti Supremacy through many methods)
   1. promulgated history of Hutu-Tusti Division
   2. education division to help Tusti’s social hierachy
   3. identity card

Long Term Causes

1. Revenge Cycle
   1. First Conflict in 1959 caused Tusti to develop radical rebel organizations(RPF and Tusti rebel movements) which firstly reinforce the conflict.
      • 100,000 deaths of Tusti; exiled groups rose Tusti rebel movements
   2. 1960s Inyenzi(Tusti) attacked Kayibanda’s regime(Hutu), while 1963 Hutu massacres against Tusti.
   3. 1990 RPF attack failed; Regime organized massacre in Bagowe in 1991
2. Social-Economic Situation
   • Population rapid growth, land pressure, unsustainable agriculture, lack of resources, poverty, etc. prepares environment for extreme ideas

Short Term Causes

1. Policies and Politics
   1. MRND, developed in 1974 by Habyarimana, was the only permitted political party.
   2. Hutu Power Movement
   3. ‘Network Zero’ and publish of ‘Hutu Ten Commandments’ (dehumanize Tusti)
   4. Interahamwe
2. Propaganda, widespread and impossible to intervene:
   1. Publish of magazine Kangura in 1990
   2. radio RTLM
3. Education
   1. deliberate separation of Hutu and Tusti
   2. emphasized Tusti’s hostile history against Hutu

Immediate Causes

1. Death of Habyarimana
2. Ignorance of Global community -> [[RV prac/history/rwanda/sections/7 international response|7 international response]]